Geophysical Investigations

Non-invasive methods to study the physical properties of the subsurface, such as electrical resistivity, seismic waves, and magnetic properties. These investigations provide indirect information about geological structures.

• Applications: Useful in mineral exploration, groundwater detection, archaeological studies, and assessing the stability of construction sites.
• Tools/Techniques: Seismic surveys, electromagnetic methods, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and resistivity tomography.